Comparison of the effect of resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish, and nano-hydroxy apatite paste on surface hardness and streptococcus mutans adhesion to artificial enamel lesions
Keywords:
Bacterial adhesion, Nano P paste, Surface hardness, Resin infiltrant, Fluoride varnish, Streptococcus mutansAbstract
Introduction: Dental caries is a major public health problem, and Streptococcus mutans is considered the main causal agent of dental caries. This study aimed to compare the effect of three re-mineralizing materials: resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish, and nano-hydroxy apatite paste on the surface hardness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans as noninvasive treatments for initial enamel lesions.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from December 2015 through March 2016 in Babol, Iran. Artificial enamel lesions were created on 60 enamel surfaces, which were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B (30 subjects per group). Group A was divided into three subgroups (10 samples in each subgroup), including fluoride varnish group, nano-hydroxy apatite paste group (Nano P paste), and resin infiltrant group (Icon-resin). In Group A, the surface hardness of each sample was measured in three stages: First, on an intact enamel (baseline); second, after creating artificial enamel lesions; third, after application of re-mineralizing materials. In Group B, the samples were divided into five subgroups, including intact enamel, demineralized enamel, demineralized enamel treated with fluoride varnish, Nano P paste, and Icon-resin. In Group B, standard Streptococcus mutans bacteria adhesion (PTCC 1683) was examined and reported in terms of colony forming units (CFU/ml). Then, data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and post hoc tests.
Results: In Group A, after treatment with re-mineralizing materials, the Icon-resin group had the highest surface hardness among the studied groups, then the Nano P paste group and fluoride varnish group, respectively (p = 0.035). In Group B, in terms of bacterial adhesion, fluoride varnish group had zero bacterial adhesion level, and then the Nano P paste group, Icon-resin group, intact enamel group, and the de-mineralized enamel group showed bacterial adhesion increasing in order (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the study among the examined materials, the resin infiltrant increased the tooth surface hardness as the intact enamel and fluoride varnish had the highest reduction level for bacterial adhesion. Nano P paste had an effect between the two materials, both in increasing surface hardness and reducing bacterial adhesion.
References
Doméjean S, Ducamp R, Léger S, Holmgren C. Resin infiltraon of non-cavitad caris lesions: a systematic
review. Med Princ Pract. 2015; 24(3): 216-21. doi: 10.1159/000371709. PMID: 25661012.
Crombie FA, Cochrane NJ, Manto DJ, Palamara JE, Reynolds EC. Mineralisation of developmentary
hypomineralised human enamel in-vitro. Caries Res .2013; 47(3): 259-63. doi: 10.1159/000346134. PMID:
Masteroberardino S, Campus G, Strohmenger L,Villa A, Cagetti M. An Innovative approach to treat
incisors hypomineralization (MIH): a combined use of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium
phosphate and hydrogen peroxide-a case report. Case Rep Dent. 2012; 379-593. doi: 10.1155/2012/379593.
Pickelt FA. Nonfluoride caries preventive agents: new guidelines. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2011; 126(6):
-74.
Cochrane NJ, Cai F, Huq NL, Burrow MF, Reynolds EC. New approaches to Enhanced remineralization
of tooth enamel. J Dent Res. 2010; 89(11): 1187-97. doi: 10.1177/0022034510376046. PMID: 20739698.
Taher NM, Alkhamis HA, Dowaidi SM. The influence of resin infiltration system enemal microhardness
and surface roughness: An in vitro study. Saudi Dent J. 2012; 24(2): 79-84. doi:
1016/j.sdentj.2011.10.003. PMID: 23960533, PMCID: PMC3723288.
Paris S, Schwendicke F, Seddig S, Muller WD, Dorfer C, Meyer- lueckel H. Micro- hardness and mineral
loss of enamel lesions after infiltration with various resins: influence of infiltrant composition and
application frequency in-vitro. J Dent. 2013; 41(6): 543-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.03.006.
Chau NP, Pandit S, Jung JE, Jeon JG. Evaluation of streptococcus mutans adhesion to fluoride varnishes
and subsequent change in biofilm accumulation and acidogenicity. J Dent. 2014; 42(6): 726-34. doi:
1016/j.jdent.2014.03.009. PMID: 24694978.
Soley A, Orcun Y, Atalay M, Suat OC, Sezer DB. Effect of resin infiltration on enamel surface properties
and streptoccuse mutans adhesion to artificial enamel lesions. Dent Mater J. 2015; 34(1): 25-30. doi:
4012/dmj.2014-078. PMID: 25748455.
de Carvalho FG, Vieira BR, Santos RL, Carlo HL, Lopes PQ, de Lima BA. In vitro effects of nano- hydroxyapatite paste on initial enamel carious lesions. Pediatr Dent. 2014; 36(3): 85-9. PMID: 24960376.
Torres CR, Rosa PC, Ferreir NS, Borges AB. Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on
microhardness of enamel carios lesion. Oper Dent. 2012; 37(4): 363-9. doi: 10.2341/11-070-L. PMID:
Paris S, Dörfer CE, Meyer-Lueckel H. Surface conditioning of natural enamel caries lesions in deciduous
teeth in preparation for resin infiltration. J Dent. 2010; 38(1): 65-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.09.001.
PMID: 19737595.
Tydell PA. Nosocomail infection control during construction and renovation of health care facilitis.
Infection control today. 2002; 6(6): 47-9.
Arakawa T, Fujimaru T, Ishizak T, Takeuchi H, Kageyama M, Ikemi T, et al. Unique function of
hydroxyapatite with mutans streptococci adherence. Qunitessence Int. 2010; 41(1): 11-9. PMID: 19907724.
Pulido MT, wefel JS, Hernandez MM, Denehy GE, Guzmen-Armstrong S. The inhibitory effect of MI
paste, fluoride and a combination of both on the progression of antificial caries like lesions in enamel. Oper
Dent. 2008; 33(5): 550-5. doi: 10.2341/07-136. PMID: 18833861.
Angius F, madeddu M, Pompei R. Nuttritionally variant Streptococei interfere with streptococcus mutans
adhesion properties and biofilm formation. New Microbiol. 2015; 38(2): 259-66. PMID: 25938751.
Paris S, Schwendicke F, Seddig S, Muller WD, Dorfer C, Meyer H. Micro- hardness and mineral loss of
enamel lesion after infiltration with various resins: Influence of infiltrent composition and application
frequency in vitro. J Dent. 2013; 41(6): 543-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.03.006. PMID: 23571098.
Salehzadeh Esfahani K, Mazaheri R, Pishevar L. Effect of Treatment with various remineralizating agents
on the microhardness of demineralized enamel surface. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015; 9(4):
-45. doi: 10.15171/joddd.2015.043. PMID: 26889361, PMCID: PMC4753033.
Lata S, Uerghese No, Varughese JM. Remineralization potential of flouride and amorphous calcium
phosphate-Casein phospher peptide on enamel lesions: an in vitro comparative evaluation. J Conserv Dent.
; 13(1): 42-6. doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.62634. PMID: 20582219, PMCID: PMC2883807.
Shetty S, Hegde MN, Bopanna TP. Enamel remineralization assessment after treatment with three different
remineralizing agents using surface microhardness: An in vitro study. J conseru Dent. 2014; 17(1): 49-52.
doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.124136. PMID: 24554861, PMCID: PMC3915386.
Vysal T, Amasyali M, koyuturk AE, Ozcen S. Effect of difference topical agent on enamel
demineralizations around onthodentics brackets an in vivo and in vitro study. Aust Dent J. 2010; 55(3):
-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01233.x. PMID: 20887513.
Andre V, Scott E, Terence E. Dental caries: etiology, Clinical characteristics, Risk assessment, and
management in: Art and science of operative dentistry. Canada, Elsevier. 2014; 76-9.
pinar Erdem A, Sepet E, kulekei G, Trosol SC, Guver Y. Effect of two fluoride Varnishes and one fluoride
cholonhexidine varnish on streptoccus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus biofilms formation in vitro. Int J
med sci. 2012; 9(2): 129-36. doi: 10.7150/ijms.3637. PMID: 22253559, PMCID: PMC3258554.
Van Laveren C. Antimicrobial activity of fluoride and its in vivo impontarce identification of research
questions. Caries Res. 2001; 35(1): 65-70. doi: 10.1159/000049114. PMID: 11359062.
Poggio C, Arcioia C, Rosti F, Scribant A, Saino E, Visai L. Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to different
restorative materials. Int J organs. 2009; 32(9): 671-7.
Wany Ch, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Effect of enamel morphology on nanoscale adhesion forces of streptococcal
bacteria: An AFM study. Scanning. 2015; 37(5): 313- 21. doi: 10.1002/sca.21218. PMID: 26482011.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
