Profile of peptic ulcer disease and its risk factors in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia
Keywords:
Arar; Northern Saudi Arabia; Prevalence; Peptic ulcer; Risk factorsAbstract
Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial health problem, and its prevalence and risk factors have changed considerably within the past century.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer among the population of Arar city and to identify risk factors for peptic ulcer and to estimate their relative impact on ulcer incidence.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the population of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia from November 01, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics, prevalence, and Chi-square test.
Results: Total prevalence of peptic ulcer among the studied respondents was thus: 21.9% had peptic ulcer; 16.2% gastric ulcer and 5.6% duodenal ulcer. In 19.7% of the cases, the pain was severe, 92.4% reported that pain was precipitated by certain food. In addition to heartburn, 78.8% reported loss of appetite, 71.2% indigestion, 66.7% regurgitation, 59.1% nausea and vomiting and 42.4% with chest pain. Regarding the risk factors, coffee drinking came in first place (81.8%) followed by physical stress in 77.3%, spicy food in 57.6%, prolonged use of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 33.3% and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in 24.2%. A further 22.7% reported melena as a complication while only 10.6% reported hematemesis.
Conclusion: This is the first population-based study in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia reporting point prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. The rate of 16.2% for gastric ulcer and 5.6% for duodenal ulcers are substantially high. Coffee drinking, physical stress, spicy food, prolonged use of NSAID and H. pylori infection were the reported risk factors. Population-based endoscopic studies are recommended.
References
Najm, WI. Peptic ulcer disease. Primary care. 2011; 38 (3): 383–94. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.001.
PMID: 21872087.
Snowden FM. Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective. Immunol Rev. 2008; 225(1): 9–
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00677.x. PMID: 18837773.
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific
all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015; 385(9963): 117-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(14)61682-2. PMID: 25530442, PMCID: PMC4340604.
Definition and Facts for Peptic Ulcer Disease. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases. 2015.
Rao S. Clinical Manual of Surgery. Elsevier. 2014: 526. ISBN: 9788131238714.
Steinberg KP. Stress-related mucosal disease in the critically ill patient: risk factors and strategies to
prevent stress-related bleeding in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine. 2002; 30(6 Suppl): S362–
doi: 10.1097/00003246-200206001-00005. PMID: 12072662.
Milosavljevic T, Kostić-Milosavljević M, Jovanović I, Krstić M. Complications of peptic ulcer disease.
Digestive diseases. 2011; 29(5): 491–3. doi: 10.1159/000331517. PMID: 22095016.
Barazandeh F, Yazdanbod A, Pourfarzi F, Sepanlou SG, Derakhshan MH, Malekzadeh R. Epidemiology of
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Endoscopic Results of a Systematic Investigation in Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis.
; 4(2): 90–6. PMID: 24829640, PMCID: PMC4017685.
Rosenstock S, Jørgensen T, Bonnevie O, Andersen L. Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population
based prospective cohort study comprising 2416 Danish adults. Gut. 2003; 52(2): 186–93. doi:
1136/gut.52.2.186. PMID: 12524398, PMCID: PMC1774958.
Zagari RM, Law GR, Fuccio L, Pozzato P, Forman D, Bazzoli F. Dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic
findings in the community: the Loiano-Monghidoro study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105: 565–71. doi:
1038/ajg.2009.706. PMID: 20010920.
Aro P1, Storskrubb T, Ronkainen J, Bolling-Sternevald E, Engstrand L, Vieth M, et al. Peptic ulcer disease
in a general adult population: the Kalixanda study: a random population-based study. Am J Epidemiol.
; 163: 1025–34. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj129. PMID: 16554343.
Groenen MJ, Kuipers EJ, Hansen BE, Th Ouwendijk RJ. Incidence of duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers in
a Western population: Back to where it started. Can J Gastroenterol. 2009; 23(9): 604–8. doi:
1155/2009/181059.
Li Z, Zou D, Ma X, Chen J, Shi X, Gong Y, et al. Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease: endoscopic results
of the systematic investigation of gastrointestinal disease in China. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105: 2570–7.
doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.324. PMID: 20736940.
El Mouzan MI, Abdullah AM. Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Tropical
Pediatrics. 2004; 50(6): 328-30. doi: 10.1093/tropej/50.6.328. PMID: 15537716.
Sondashi KJ, Odimba BFK, Kelly P. A Cross-sectional Study on Factors Associated With Perforated Peptic
Ulcer Disease in Adults Presenting to UTH, Lusaka. Medical Journal of Zambia. 2011; 38(2).
Kurata JH, Nogawa AN. Meta-analysis of Risk Factors for Peptic Ulcer: NonsteroidalAntiinflammatory
Drugs, Helicobacter pylori, and Smoking. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997; 24(1): 2-17.
Karima TM, Bukhari SZ, Ghais MA, Fatani MI, Hussain WM. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection
in patients with peptic ulcer diseases. Saudi Med J. 2006; 27(5): 621-6. PMID: 16680249.
Vu C, Ng YY. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease in a Singapore hospital. Singapore
Med J. 2000; 41(10): 478-81. PMID: 11281437.
Andersen LP, Rosenstock SJ, Bonnevie O, Jørgensen T. Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G, M, and A
antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in an unselected Danish population. Am J Epidemiol. 1996; 143: 1157–
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008694. PMID: 8633606
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.