Predicator of Pregnant Women’s Self-care Behavior against Air Pollution
An explanation based on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)
Keywords:
Air pollution, Pregnancy, Extended parallel process model, Self-care behavior, AhvazAbstract
Introduction: Air pollution is one of the most important problems of metropolitan cities. The level of air pollution in the city of Ahvaz is so much higher than the standard level, that it can create risks, particularly for pregnant women in the area. The aim of the study was to examine the predictors of self-care behavior of pregnant women against air pollution according to Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) in Ahvaz.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 330 pregnant women who were referred to health care centers in western Ahvaz in 2015 were examined. The data collection tool was a reliable and valid researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three parts: The first part was demographic information, the second part according to the extended parallel process model, included perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. The third part examined self-care behavior. Then, the collected data was analyzed by using the software SPSS 16. Data analysis was done by using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Results: The average age of study subjects was 26.07 ± 2.3 years, and most (45.5%) were in the second trimester of pregnancy. These findings showed that self-efficacy constructs (β = 0.41) and response efficacy (β= 0.15) have predictive power of self-care behavior (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings showed that self-efficacy and response efficacy, are important factors to predict air pollution self-care behavior. Therefore, to develop a theory-based behavioral modification program for pregnant women, more emphasis on these constructs is recommended.
References
Araban M, Tavafian SS, Motesaddi Zarandi S, Hidarnia AR, Gohari MR, Prochaska JM. Introducing a new
measure for assessing self-efficacy in response to air pollution hazards for pregnant women. J Environ
Health Sci Eng. 2013; 11(1): 16. doi: 10.1186/2052-336X-11-16. PMID: 24491221, PMCID:
PMC3776291.
Mannucci PM, Harari S, Martinelli I, Franchini M. Effect on health of air pollution: a narrative review.
Intern Emerg Med. 2015; 10(6); 657-62. doi: 10.1007/s11739-015-1276-7. PMID: 26134027.
Jonathan W. The air pollution capital of the world. The Lancet. 2005; 366: 1761-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(05)67711-2.
Santus P, Russo A, Madonini E, Allegra L, Blasi F, Centanni S, et al. How air pollution influences clinical
management of respiratory diseases. A case-crossover study in Milan. Respir Res. 2012; 13: 95. doi:
1186/1465-9921-13-95. PMID: 23078274, PMCID: PMC3511062.
To T, Shen S, Atenafu EG, Guan J, McLimont S, Stocks B. The Air Quality Health Index and Asthma
Morbidity: A Population-Based Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2012; 121(1): 46-52. PMID: 23060364,
PMCID: PMC3546347.
Kashima S, Yorifuji T, Tsuda T, Eboshida A. Asian dust and daily all-cause or cause-specific mortality in
western Japan. Occup Environ Med. 2012; 69(12): 908-15. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2012-100797. PMID:
Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Jafarzade Haghighifard N, Mesdaghinia A, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, et al. The
evaluation of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentration during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in
Ahvaz, Iran, from april through september 2010. Journal of Arid Environments. 2012; 77: 72-83. doi:
1016/j.jaridenv.2011.09.007.
Sekhavatjou MS, Alhashem AH, Taghavirad SS, Goudarzi G, Mollaee A. Seasonal variation of mercury
vapour concentrations in industrial, residential, and traffic areas of Ahvaz city, Southwest Iran. African
Journal of Biotechnology. 2011; 10(57): 12232-6. doi: 10.5897/AJB11.2033.
Khodarahmi F, Goudarzi G, Hashemi Shraki A, Bakhteyarvand N, Ahmadi Angali K, Dehghani M. Study
of enviromental parameters effect on particulate matters and bacterial concerntration in Ahvaz city during
different seasons. Ncmbj. 2013; 3(11): 83-90.
Modiri M, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A. The effect of environmental carbon monoxide pollution on spontaneous
abortion of the first trimester of pregnancy in tehran. Mjtuoms. 2012; 34(3): 106-1.
Taghdisi M, Nejadsadeghi E. The effect of health education based on health belief model on behavioural
promotion of urinary infection prevention in pregnant women. Journal of Research & Health. 2012; 2(1):
-54.
Kariman N, Araban M, Motesaddi Zarandi S, Alavimajd H, Ahmadi M. Relationship emissions of sulfur
dioxide in the air with low birth weight neonates in pregnant women admitted to hospitals in Tehran.
Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2008; 18(60): 22-8.
Araban M, Tavafian SS, Motesaddi Zarandi S, Hidarnia A, Gohari M, Laluei A, et al. Air pollution
prevantive behavior among pregnant women: a theory based study. Journal of the iranian institue for health
science research. 2013; 12(4): 385-91.
Dixon JK, Hendrickson KC, Ercolano E, Quackenbush R, Dixon JP. The environmental health engagement
profile: what people think and do about environmental health. Public Health Nurs. 2009; 26(5): 460-73.
doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00804.x. PMID: 19706129.
Giles LV, Barn P, Künzli N, Romieu I, Mittleman MA, van Eeden S, et al. From Good Intentional to
Proven Intrrventions: Effectivness of Actions to Reduce Health Impacts of air pollution. Environ Health
Perspect. 2011; 119(1): 29-36. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002246. PMID: 20729178, PMCID: PMC3018496.
Rollnic S, Miller WR, Butler CC, Aloiab MS. Motivational Interviewing in Health Care: Helping Patients
Change Behavior. Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2008; 5(3): 203. doi:
1080/15412550802093108.
JB. Principles of Health Education and Promotion. 3ed Wads Worth: USA. 2001; 235.
sharify n, kiasalar m, dinialy m. Family Self-Care Guide 1. tehran: parsaysalamat. 2015; 6.
KW. Fear as motivator, Fear as inhibitor: using the extended parallel process model to explain fear appeal
successes and failures, In: Andersen PA, Guerrero LK (eds). The Handbook of communication and
emotion. Academic Press. 1998; 423-50.
Witte K. Putting the fear into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Commun Monogr. 1992;
(4): 329-49. doi: 10.1080/03637759209376276.
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods:
PWS publishing. 1988; 718.
Yaghmale F. Content validity and its estimation. Journal of Medical Education. 2009; 3(1): 25-7.
Dehghani-Tafti A, Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, Morowatisharifabad MA, Afkhami Ardakani M,
Rezaeipandari H1, Lotfi MH. Determinants of Self-Care in Diabetic Patients Based on Health Belief
Model. Glob J Health Sci. 2015; 7(5): 33-42. PMID: 26156902, PMCID: PMC4803867.
Errett NA, Barnett DJ, Thompson CB, Tosatto R, Austin B, Schaffzin S, et al. Assessment of medical
reserve corps volunteers`emergency response willingness using a threat- and efficacy-based model.
Biosecur Bioterror. 2013; 11(1): 29-40. doi:10.1089/bsp.2012.0047. PMID: 23477632, PMCID:
PMC3612278.
Ooms J, Jansen C, Hoeks J. The EPPM put to the test. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics. 2015; 4(2):
-256. doi: 10.1075/dujal.4.2.07oom.
Gharlipour Z, Hazavehei SM, Moeini B, Nazari M, Beigi AM, Tavassoli E, et al . The effect of preventive
educational program in cigarette smoking: Exended Parallel Process Model. J Educ Health Promot. 2015;
: 4. doi: 10.4103/2277-9531.151875. PMID: 25767815, PMCID: PMC4355839.
Kaiser B, Razurel C, Jeannot E. Impact of health beliefs, social support and self-efficacy on physical
activity and dietary habits during the post-partum period after gestational diabetes mellitus: study protocol.
BMC Pregnancy childbirth. 2013; 13: 133. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-133. PMID: 23800121, PMCID:
PMC3694518.
Nesoff ED, Dunkle K, Lang D. The Impact of Condom Use Negotiation Self-Efficacy and Partnership
Patterns on Consistent Condom Use Among College-Educated Women. Health educ behave. 2016; 43(1):
-7. doi:10.1177/1090198115596168. PMID: 26194206.
Huang HT, Kuo YM, Wang SR, Wang CF, Tsai CH. Structural Factors Affecting Health Examination
Behavioral Intention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 13(4): 395. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13040395.
PMID: 27043606, PMCID: PMC4847057.
Sadeghi Sedeh B, Rabiei Z, Razavi H. Effects of health belief model components in general phjsicion
rational prescribing of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary provience. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;
(128): 37-47.
Wenze A, Beck At. A cognitive model of suicidal behavior: Theory and treatment. Appl prev psychol.
; 12(4): 189-201. doi: 10.1016/j.appsy.2008.05.001.
Zamani-Alavije F, Shahry P, Kalhori M, Araban M. Pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery
questionnaire: Psychometric properties. Journal of Education and Health Promotion.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
