Association between Hepatitis G and Unknown Chronic Hepatitis
Keywords:
hepatitis G, chronic hepatitisAbstract
Background: Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a hepatotrope virus with unknown importance. The genome of the virus has been detected in patients with acute or chronic non-A-E hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the association between hepatitis G and unknown chronic hepatitis.
Methods: This case-control study was performed in Ebne-Sina military hospital in Hamadan, Iran. The cases were 35 military staff with unknown chronic hepatitis. The control group consisted of 59 healthy subjects who had normal levels of serum alanine aminoteransferase (ALT). The data were analyzed by SPSS, version18, using Fisher’s exact test, the Student’s t-test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Only one patient in the case group (2.9%) tested positive for HGV antibodies, and no one was infected in the control group. There was no association between HGV infection and unknown chronic hepatitis in our study (P=0.37). A significant association was found between the male gender and unknown chronic hepatitis (OR=14.9, P=0.01).
Conclusion: No association between HGV infection and unknown chronic hepatitis was found in our study, so it was not necessary to evaluate these patients for HGV infection.
References
Pratt DS, Kaplan MM. Evaluation of abnormal liver-enzyme results in asymptomatic patients. N Engl J Med
; 342:1266-1271. April 27, 2000. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200004273421707. PMID:10781624
Pourshams, A., Malekzadeh, R., Monavvari, A., Akbari, M. R., Mohamadkhani, A., Yarahmadi, S, et al.
Prevalence and etiology of persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase levels in healthy Iranian blood donors.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20: 229–233. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03511.x.
PMID:15683425
Jamali R, Khonsari M, Merat S, Khoshnia M, Jafari E, Bahram Kalhori A, et al. Persistent alanine
aminotransferase elevation among the general Iranian population: prevalence and causes. World J
Gastroenterol. 2008; 14(18):2867-71.DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.2867. PMID:18473412
Kleinman S. Hepatitis G virus biology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations: Implications for blood safety.
Transfus Med Rev, 2001; 15(3):201-12. DOI:10.1053/tm.2001.24589. PMID:11471122
Wiwanitkit V. Hepatitis G virus RNA positivity among the voluntary blood donors: a summary. Ann Hepatol.
; 4(1):43-6. PMID:15798660
Kafi-Abad SA, Samiei Sh, Talebian A, Maghsudloo M, Gharehbaghian A. Hepatitis G virus infection in Iranian
blood donors and high-risk groups. Hepat Mon. 2009; 9(4):282-86.
Ramezani A, Gachkar L, Eslamifar A, Khoshbaten M, Jalilvand S, Adibi L, et al. Detection of hepatitis G virus
envelope protein E2 antibody in blood donors. Int J Infect dis. 2008; 12(1):57-61. DOI:
/10.1016/j.ijid.2007.04.010. PMID:17629534
Kalkan A, Ozdarendeli A, Bulut Y, Saral Y, Ozden M, Kelestimur N, et al. Prevalence and genotypic
distribution of hepatitis GB-C/HG and TT viruses in blood donors, mentally retarded children and four groups
of patients in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005; 58(4):222-7. PMID:16116255
Odeh RA, Yasin S, Nasrallah G, Babi Y. Rates of infection and phylogenetic analysis of GB virus-C among
Kuwaiti and Jordanian blood donors. Intervirology. 2010; 53(6):402-7. DOI: 10.1159/000317290.
PMID:20606462
Al-Ahdal MN, Rezeig MA, Kessie G, Chaudhry F, Al-Shammary FJ. GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in
Saudi Arabian blood donors and patients with cryptogenic hepatitis. Arch Virol. 2000; 145(1):73-84. DOI:
1007/s007050050006. PMID:10664407
Alter HJ. The cloning and clinical implications of HGV and HGBV-C. The N Engl J Med, 1996; 334(23):1536- 7. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199606063342310. PMID:8618611
Wang HL, Jin DY. Prevalence and genotype of hepatitis G virus in Chinese professional blood donors and
hepatitis patients. J Infect Dis. 1997; 175(5):1229-33. DOI: 10.1086/593676
Tassopoulos NC, Papatheodoridis GV, Delladetsima I, Hatzakis A. Clinicopathological features and natural
history of acute sporadic non-(A-E) hepatitis. J Gastroentrol Hepatol, 2008 Aug;23(8 Pt 1):1208-15. doi:
1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05454.x. Epub 2008 Jun 28. PMID:18554239
Uygun A, Kadayifci A, Kubar A, Tuzun A, Erdil A, Gulsen M, et al. Insignificant role of hepatitis G virus
infection in patients with liver enzyme elevations of unknown etiology J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000 Jul;31(1):73- 6. DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200007000-00017. PMID:10914782
Hyams KC. Chronic liver disease among U.S. military patients: the role of hepatitis C and G virus infection.
Mil Med. 2000; 165(3):178-9. PMID:10741077
Jeon MJ, Shin JH, Suh SP, Lim YC, Ryang DW. TT virus and hepatitis G virus infections in Korean blood
donors and patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2003; 9(4):741-4. PMID:12679923
Mohamadnejad M, Pourshams A, Malekzadeh R, Mohamadkhani A, Rajabiani A, Asgari AA, et al. Healthy
ranges of serum alanine aminotransferase levels in Iranian blood donors. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;
(10):2322-4. PMID:14562401
Grassi M, Raffa S, Traditi F, Ferrazzi M, Cioschi S, Fontana M, et al. Detection and clinical evaluation of
GBV-C/HGV in plasma from patients with chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology. Clin Ter. 2000 Jul-Aug;
(4):241-5. PMID:11107672
Hollingsworth RC, Minton EJ, Fraser-Moodie C, Metivier E, Rizzi PM, Irving WL, et al. Hepatitis G infection:
role in cryptogenic chronic liver disease and primary liver cell cancer in the UK. Trent Hepatitis C virus Study
Group. Journal J Viral Hepat. 1998 May;5(3):165-9.DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.1998.00102.x. PMID:9658369
Guilera M, Saiz JC, Lopez-Labrador FX, Olmedo E, Ampurdanes S, Forns X, et al. Hepatitis G virus infection
in chronic liver disease. Gut. 1998; 42(1):107-11. DOI: 10.1136/gut.42.1.107. PMID: 9505895
A, Chow R, et al. GBV-C/hepatitis G virus infection and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case control study. Int J
Cancer. 2010 Jun 15;126(12):2885-92. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25035. PMID: 19904755
Giannoulis E, Economopoulos T, Mandraveli K, Giannoulis K, Nikolaides C, Zervou E, et al. The prevalence of
hepatitis C and hepatitis G virus infection in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Greece: a Hellenic
Cooperative Oncology Group Study. Acta Haematol. . 2004; 112(4):189-93. DOI: 10.1159/000081270.
PMID:15564729
Civardi G, Tanzi E, Ferrari B, Vallisa D, Zanetti A, Cavanna L. High prevalence of anti-HGV/E2 antibodies in
HCV-positive patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica. 1998; 83(10):957-8. PMID:9830812
Riaz Shah SA, Idrees M, Hussain A. Hepatitis G virus associated aplastic anemia: a recent case from Pakistan.
Virol J. 2011 Jan 21; 8:30. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-30. PMID:21251303 PMCid:PMC3032715
Zaidi Y, Chapman CS, Myint S. Aplastic anaemia after HGV infection. Lancet. 1996; 348(9025):471-2. DOI:
1016/S0140-6736(05)64561-8. PMID: 8709794
Masuko K, Mitsui T, Iwano K, Yamazaki C, Okuda K, Meguro T, et al. Infection with hepatitis GB virus C in
patients on maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jun 6; 334(23):1485-90.. DOI:
1056/NEJM199606063342301. PMID:8618602
Fallahian F, Alavian SM, Rasoulinejad M. Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis G virus infection in
dialysis patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2010 Sep; 21(5):831-4., PMID: 20814115
Hammad AM, Zaghloul MH. Hepatitis G virus infection in Egyptian children with chronic renal failure (single
centre study). Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2009 Dec 16; 8:36.DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-8-36. PMID:
Hinrichsen H, Leimenstoll G, Stegen G, Schrader H, Folsch UR, Schmidt WE. Prevalence of and risk factors
for hepatitis G (HGV) infection in haemodialysis patients: a multicentre study. Nephrology, dialysis,
transplantation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Feb; 17(2):271-5. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/17.2.271. PMID:11812878
Komatsu H, Fujisawa T, Inui A, Sogo T, Morinishi Y, Miyagawa Y, et al. GBV-C/HGV infection in children
with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol. 1999 Oct; 59(2):154-9. DOI: 10.1002. PMID:10459149
Yang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Lin WY, Lin ZY, Chen SC, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of
HGV/GBV-C infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2006 Feb;59(1):25-30..
PMID:16495630
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.