Are the plants used in Algerian traditional medicine effective?
Assessment of the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of three plants used in Algerian traditional medicine; Olea europaea, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Ocimum basilicum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26415/2572-004X-vol3iss3p443-452Keywords:
traditional phytotherapy, Olive leaves, Licorice, Basil.Abstract
Background: Algeria has a very large vegetation biodiversity. Algerians use herbs in phytotherapy because of their easy, safe and inexpensive use. However, the consumption of these plants remains uncontrolled or regulated by the authorities, which lacks reassurances concerning their use.
Objective: The purpose of this work is to confirm or refute the empirical use of the plants as well as to start adjusting the dosages for each therapeutic purpose.
Methods: The present experimentation was done during the year 2017 (April-June) at the laboratory for the valorization of natural biological substances at the University of Setif 1. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Olive and basil leaves and Licorice root aqueous extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by the disc diffusion assay. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was realized by the estimation of the protein denaturation of the BSA and the anti-oxidative test was done by the DPPH method. All experiments were done in triplicate and results and were reported as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by GraphPad prism 5 software; the statistical analysis was done by the one way ANOVA.
Results: Olive leaf extract (OLE) and Licorice root extract (LRE) were active on both E. coli (13.5, 10mm) and S. aureus (14, 12mm) at 200 mg/ml. While the Basil leaf extract (BLE) was inactive against all strains. The percentage of BSA denaturation was concentration-dependent by both BLE and LRE and the maximum inhibition was recorded by the OLE at 250 μg/ml, it was slightly different from BLE at P≤0.05, but not significantly different from LRE. The three extracts showed good values of IC50 with 0.65, 4.98 and 0.91 mg/ml OLE, LRE and BLE respectively, but they were inferior to that of BHT.
Conclusion: These results confirm the use of these plants but under control.
Downloads
References
Abaza L. Taamalli A. Nsir H and Zarrouk M. Olive Tree (Olea europeae L.) Leaves: Importance and Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants, 2015. 4:682-698. doi: 10.3390/antiox4040682. PMID:26783953. PMCID: PMC4712944.
Alhamd AKJ. Improvement extraction of crude compounds from iraqi olive leaves by appling water-base and alcoholic-base extraction and their biological application. 2015. World J Pharm Sci, 4 ; 1 :183-200. doi: 10.3390/antiox6020034. PMCID: PMC5488014. PMID: 28513570.
Aliabadi MA. Darsanaki RK. Rokhi ML. Nourbakhsh M. and Raeisi G. Antimicrobial activity of olive leaf aqueous extract. Ann Biol Res, 2012. 3(8):4189-4191. Available online at: www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com.
Bacon K. Boyer R. Denbow C. O’Keefe S. Neilson A. and Williams R. Evaluation of different solvents to extract antibacterial compounds from jalapeno peppers. 2016. Food Sci Nutr, 1-7. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.423. PMCID: PMC5448369. PMID: 28572934.
Bouzabata A. Les médicaments à base de plantes en Algérie: réglementation et enregistrement. 2016. Rev Phytother. 1-8. DOI 10.1007/s10298-016-1089-5.
Chatterjee P. Chandra S. Dey P. and Bhattacharya S. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and black tea: A comparative in vitro study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res, 2012. 3(2): 136-138. doi: 10.4103/2231-4040.97298. PMCID: PMC3401676 PMID: 22837963
Cowan MM. 1999. Plant product as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 12 (4), 564-582. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.564. PMID: 10515903 PMCID: PMC88925
De Leonardis A. Aretini A. Alfano G. and Giancarlo R. Isolation of a hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive leaves (Olea Europaea L.) and evaluation of its antioxidant properties and bioactivity. 2008. EUR FOOD RES TECHNOL. 226(4):653-659. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0574-3.
Dhanani T. Shah S. Gajbhiye NA. and Kumar S. Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. ARAB J CHEM, 2017. 10(1): S1193–S1199. doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.02.015.
Gbadegesin MA. and Odunola OA. Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) protect against sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. 2010. Nig. J. Physiol. Sci, 25 : 29- 36. PMID: 22314900.
Ghannad MS. Mohammadi A. Safiallahy S. Faradmal J. Azizi M. and Ahmadvand Z. The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2014. 7(7): e11616. doi: 10.5812/jjm.11616. PMCID: PMC4216581. PMID: 25368801.
Karthik K. Kumar BR. Priya and V. KumarS. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Canthium parviflorum by in-vitro method. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 2013. 729-730.
Orak HO. Isbilir SS. and Yagar H. Determination of antioxidant properties of lyophilized olive water extracts obtained from 21 different cultivars. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2012. 1065-1074. DOI 10.1007/s10068-012-0138-6.
Lawal B. Shittu OK. Oibiokpa FI. Berinyuy EB. and Mohammed H. African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review. Clinical Phytoscience, 2016. 2 ; (23):1-66. DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0.
Zadeh JB. Kor ZM. And Goftar MK. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn) As a Valuable Medicinal Plant. 2013. IJABBR, 1(10): 1281-1288.
Singh G. Marimuthu P. De Heluani CS. and Catalan CAN. Antioxidant and biocidal activities of Carum nigrum (seed) essential oil, oleoresin, and their selected components. J Agric Food Chem, 2006. 54: 174-181. DOI: 10.1021/jf0518610. PMID:16390196.
Rebbas K. Bounar R. Gharzouli R. Ramdani M. Djellouli Y. and Alatou D. Plantes d’intérêt médicinal et écologique dans la région d’Ouanougha (M’Sila, Algérie). Rev Phytother, 2012. 10:131-142. DOI: 10.1007/s10298-012-0701-6.
Marwat SK. Rehman FU. And Khan MS. Ghulam S. Anwar N. Mustafa G. et al. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). Asian J. Chem, 2011. 23(9): 3773-3782.
Rohinishree YS. and Negi PS. Effect of extract on cell viability, biofilmformation and exotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus. J Food Sci Technol, 2016. 53(2):1092-1100. DOI:10.1007/s13197-015-2131-6. PMID:27162389b PMCID: PMC4837708.
Tian M. Yan H. and Row KH. Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from licorice. Int J Mol Sci, 2008. 9(4):571-7. PMCID: PMC2635700. PMID: 19325770.
Udochukwu U. Omeje FI. Uloma IS. And Oseiwe FD. Phytochemical analysis of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum extracts and their antibacterial activity on some drug resistant bacteria. 2015. Am. J. Res. 3(5):225-235.
Okigbo RN. and Mmeka EC. Antimicrobial effects of three tropical plant extracts on Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2008. 5(3). PMID: 20161941. PMCID: PMC2816559. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v5i3.31277.
Rafiee Z. Jafari SM. Alami M. and Khomeiri M. Antioxidant effect of microwave-assisted extracts of Olive leaves on Sunflower oil. J. Agr. Sci. Tech, 2012. 14: 1497-1509.
Reshma. Arun KP. and Brindha P. In vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and nephroprotective studies on leaves of aegle Marmelos and Ocimum sanctum. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2014. 7(4) : 121-129.
Hammiche V. Merad R. and Azzouz M. Plantes toxiques à usage médicinal du pourtour méditerranéen, 2013Springer-Verlag France, Paris.
Handa SS. Singh SP. Longo KG. and Rakesh DD. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. International Centre for Science and High Technology, 2008. Italy.
Rahal K. Standardisation de L’antibiogramme en Médecine Humaine à l’Echelle Nationale selon les recommandations de l’OMS, fourth ed. Ministère de la Santé, de la Population et de la Réforme Hospitalière, 2005. Algiers.
Lim TK. Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. 2016. Springer.Vol 10.
Hiltunen R. and Y Holm. Basil The Genus Ocimum. Tenth volume, harwood academic publishers, 1999. Amsterdam.
