Colorectal Cancers Screening in the General Population: Focusing
Keywords:
colorectal cancers; screening; average risk; virtual colonoscopy.Abstract
Colorectal cancers are common throughout the world, although their incidence varies across continents and countries. 28% of these cancers are rectal, and two-thirds of the remaining 72% are of left colonic location. Screening and prevention have proven effective in reducing the incidence of these cancers and their mortality. The best screening results in the so-called average-risk general population have been obtained in the USA, where the first-line endoscopy is the gold standard when in other countries, especially European ones; screening was done by the search for occult blood in the stool. This group, however, became heterogeneous due to the intervention of environmental factors and co-morbidities; a colonoscopy is then proposed to those subjects considered at average risk. Virtual colonoscopy has excellent sensitivity and specificity for one-centimeter polyps. The serrated polyps, pre-cancerous lesions predominating on the right, are more difficult to detect.
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References
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PMid:28501244
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24. Bateman, A.C., Pathology of serrated colorectal lesions. J Clin Pathol, 2014. 67(10): p. 865-74. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202175 PMid:24561317
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27. Saito, S., H. Tajiri, and M. Ikegami, Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum: Endoscopic features including image enhanced endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc, 2015. 7(9): p. 860-71. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i9.860 PMid:26240687 PMCid:PMC4515420
28. Torlakovic, E. and D.C. Snover, Serrated adenomatous polyposis in humans. Gastroenterology, 1996. 110(3): p. 748-55. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8608884 PMid:8608884
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32. Paskett, E.D., et al., Association between cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer in the Women's Health Initiative. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2007. 99(22): p. 1729-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djm176 PMid:18000222
33. Larsson, S.C. and A. Wolk, Obesity and colon and rectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007. 86(3): p. 556-65. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27480 PMid:17823417
34. Pan, P., J. Yu, and L.S. Wang, Colon Cancer: What We Eat. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2018. 27(2): p. 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soc.2017.11.002 PMid:29496088 PMCid:PMC5836483
35. Giovannucci, E., et al., Intake of fat, meat, and fiber in relation to risk of colon cancer in men. Cancer Res, 1994. 54(9): p. 2390-7.
36. Graham, S. and M. Swanson, Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in women. N Engl J Med, 1992. 326(3): p. 199-200; author reply 201-2. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199201163260312
37. Loosli, A.R., Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in women. N Engl J Med, 1992. 326(3): p. 200; author reply 201-2. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199201163260312
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39. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN guidelines): colorectal cancer screening., 2018.
40. Knudsen, A.B., et al., Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 2016. 315(23): p. 2595-609. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.6828 PMid:27305518 PMCid:PMC5493310
41. Bibbins-Domingo, K., et al., Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA, 2016. 315(23): p. 2564-2575. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.5989 PMid:27304597
42. Lin, J.S., et al., Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 2016. 315(23): p. 2576-94. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.3332 PMid:27305422
43. Brenner, H., C. Stock, and M. Hoffmeister, Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ, 2014. 348: p. g2467. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2467
44. Nishihara, R., et al., Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. N Engl J Med, 2013. 369(12): p. 1095-105. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1301969 PMid:24047059 PMCid:PMC3840160
45. Heresbach, D., P. Pienkowski, and S. Chaussade, Prévention du Cancer Colo-rectal par Coloscopie, en dehors du dépistage en population :Consensus et position de la SFED. SFED, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10190-016-0534-5
46. Kaminski, M.F., et al., A score to estimate the likelihood of detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia at colonoscopy. Gut, 2014. 63(7): p. 1112-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304965 PMid:24385598 PMCid:PMC4078748
Published
2019-04-01
Issue
Section
Health sciences
