Epidemiological study of bladder cancer in the university Hospital of Tlemcen

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer is diagnosed or treated worldwide in 2.7 million people each year (4%), and is the second urological cancer after prostate cancer (7th cancer localization in the world), 3% of cancer deaths, 75% of which are in men, most of those tumors appears after the age of 60.  The objective of this study is to establish the epidemiological, clinical, histological, and therapeutic profiles of bladder cancer in this population.

Methods: This work deals with a retrospective study of all 104 patients treated at the Medical Oncology Department of the Tlemcen University Hospital for bladder cancer from January 2011 to December 2018. The sex ratio (M/W) is 12. The average age is about 67. The concept of smoking found in 81 patients, weaned in 42 of them. The average duration of change is 24 months [1-348]. Hematuria was the main reason for consultation (90/104). The disease has been diagnosed at a localized stage (19), locally advanced (7), localized or locally advanced (18), and metastatic (54). The metastatic lesions were pulmonary, in the liver, in the bone, and peritoneal.  Patients benefited from transurethral bladder resection. The histological types were 96% urothelial carcinoma, 1% sarcoma, and 3% of other cancer types. 31 patients received surgery: curative type in 24 patients, and palliative in 7 patients. Twenty-one patients received radiation therapy: external type in 13 patients, in conjunction with chemotherapy (RCC) in 2 patients, analgal in 5 patients. Fifty-eight patients received treatment with chemotherapy, adjuvant in 10 patients, palliative in 24 patients, neoadjuvant in 22 patients, and combination with radiotherapy in 2 patients.

Results: In theory, bladder cancer is an elderly disease and about 80% of patients with bladder cancer were over the age of 60.  The male predominance observed in our study reported by several authors around the world (about 90% of male patients). Smoking is the major risk factor for bladder cancer (80% of patients are smokers).  The average age of discovery of the disease in our series is 67 years, compared to other countries (e.g., France, 70 years). More than 80% of patients see blood in their "hematuria" urine (the main reason for consultation with a rate of 86%. Urothelial-type tumors are the most common, and 96% of bladder tumor cases are urothelial.

Conclusion: At the end of these results, we find that bladder cancer is a typical localization especially in male smokers, usually occurs after the age of 60, and marked by the onset of hematuria, most often discovered at a late stage, hence the interest in raising awareness against tobacco poisoning with the development of screening methods, in order to ensure better therapeutic management of our sick.