Decisional balance and self-efficacy of physical activity among the elderly in Rasht in 2013 based on the transtheoretical model
Keywords:
Physical Activity, Aged, Transtheoretical ModelAbstract
Background: Regular physical activity has been considered as health promotion, and identifying different effective psycho-social variables on physical has proven to be essential.
Objective: To identify the relationship between decisional balance and self-efficacy in physical activities using the transtheoretical model in the members of a retirement center in Rasht, Guillen.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 by using convenient sampling on 262 elderly people who are the members of retirement centers in Rasht. Data were collected using Stages of change, Decisional balance, Self-efficacy and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Data was analyzed using SPSS-16 software, descriptive and analytic statistic (Pearson correlation, Spearman, ANOVA, HSD Tukey, linear and ordinal regression).
Results: The majority of participants were in maintenance stage. Mean and standard deviation physical activity for the elderly was 119.35±51.50. Stages of change and physical activities were significantly associated with decisional balance and self-efficacy (p<0.0001); however, cons had a significant and reverse association. According to linear and ordinal regression the only predicator variable of physical activity behavior was self-efficacy.
Conclusion: By increase in pros and self-efficacy on doing physical activity, it can be benefited in designing appropriate intervention programs.
References
Smagula SF, Stone KL, Fabio A, Cauley Jane A. Risk factors for sleep disturbances in older adults:
Evidence from prospective studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2016; 25: 21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.003.
PMID: 26140867, PMCID: PMC4506260.
Aghamollaie T, Tavafian S, Hasani L. Self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers to regular
physical activity among students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of
Epidemiology. 2008; 4(3-4): 9-15 [in Persian]. 3) Ebrahimi Fakhar MR, Zand S. Nutritional status and associated factors in elderly residents in nursing
homes. Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research. 2012; 12 (2): 143-9 [in Persian]. 4) Ghafarian shirazi H, Mahmoudi M, Mohamad K, Rahimi Froshani A, Jafari N, Ostovar R, et al. Life
expectancy at birth for the rural population of Islamic Republic of Iran, by sex and age groups 2007. Life
Science Journal. 2012; 9(3): 180-3 [in Persian]. 5) Kor A, Mosavi S, Reza Masoleh SH, Behnampor N. Assessment of the correlation between lifestyle and
quality of sleep in elderly who referred to retirement center in Rasht. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2008; 17(2):
-22 [in Persian]. 6) Masoumi N, Jafroudi Sh, Ghanbari A, kazemnejad Leile E. Assessment of retired elderly's people
autonomy and its affecting factors in Rasht. Journal of Guillen University of Medical Sciences. 2011;
(65): 51-90 [in Persian]. 7) Moattari M, Shafakhah M, Sabet Sarvestani R. Assessing Stages of Exercise Behavior Change, Self- Efficacy and Decisional Balance in Iranian Nursing and Midwifery Students. International Journal of
Community based Nursing and Midwifery. 2013; 1(2): 121-9.
Bayati M. Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Lifestyle. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.
; 13(5): 537-9 [in Persian]. 9) Sørensen M, Gill DL. Perceived barriers to physical activity across Norwegian adult age groups, gender
and stages of change. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008; 18(5): 651-63. PMID: 18086263. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0838.2007.00686.x.
Parhoodeh Y, Khezeli M, Bakhtiyari M, Delpisheh A, Latifi A. Effects of Education Based on Trans
theoretical Model on Physical Activity of College Students. Journal of Health System Research. 2012; 8(2):
-9.
Moschny A, Platen P, Klaassen-Mielke R, Trampisch U, Hinrichs T. Barriers to physical activity in older
adults in Germany: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011; 8: 121. doi: 10.1186/1479- 5868-8-121. PMID: 22047024, PMCID: PMC3225299.
Azizan A, Justine M, Siew Kuan Ch. Effects of a Behavioral Program on exercise Adherence and exercise
Self-Efficacy in Community-Dwelling Older Persons. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research. 2013:
-10. doi: 10.1155/2013/282315.
Sharifirad GR, Mohebi S, Matlabim M. The relationship physical activity in middle age and cardiovascular
problems in old age in retired people in Isfahan. Ofogh-e-Danesh. 2007; 13 (2): 57-64 [in Persian]. 14) Nejati V, Kordi R, Shojaee F. Evaluation of Effective Motivators and Barriers of Physical Activity in the
Elderly. Iranian Journal of Aging. 2009; 4(14): 52-8 [in Persian]. 15) Salehi L, Eftekhar H, Mohammad K, Taghdisi MH, Shojaeizadeh D. Physical Activity among a Sample of
Iranians Aged Over 60 Years: An Application of the Trans theoretical Model. Arch Iran Med. 2010; 13(6):
-36. PMID: 21039010.
Khezli M, Ramezankhani A, Bakhtyari M. The impact of education on nutritional knowledge and stages of
change fruit and vegetable intake in the elderly: Based on stages of change model. Journal of Mazandaran
University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 22(9): 90-100.
Spencer L, Adams TB, Malon S, Roy L, Yost E. Applying the Trans theoretical model to exercise: a
systematic and comprehensive review of the literature. Health Promote Pract. 2006; 7(4): 428-43. doi:
1177/1524839905278900. PMID: 16840769.
Moeini B, Rahimi M, Hazaveie SM, Allahverdipoor H, Moghimbeygi A, Mohammadfam I. Effect of
education based on Trans-theoretical model on promoting physical activity and increasing physical work
capacity. Journal of Military medicine. 2010; 12(3): 123-30.
Farmanbar R, Dehghankar L, Mirhadian L, Kazemnejad Leili E, Emami Sigarodi A. Physical Activity’s
Related Factors Based on Trans theoretical Model in Older Adults Guillen In 2013. J Appl Environ Biol
Sci. 2014; 4(2): 24-30.
Saffari M, Shojaeizadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia A, Pakpuro AH. Health education and promotion,
Theories, models and methods. 2th ed. Tehran: Sobhan; 2012 [in Persian].
Charkazi A, Khoshnevisam M, Mafakheri Z. Transtheoretical Model and its Application in Exercise.
Gorgan: publisher faraghi makhtomaghli; 2011.
Lee Y, Park N, Kim Y. Process of Change, Decisional Balance, Self-efficacy and Depression across the
Stages of Change for Exercise among Middle Aged Women in Korea. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2006;
(4): 587-95. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2006.36.4.587. PMID: 16825842.
Kang SJ, Kim SC, Kim YH. Korean Older Adult’s Physical Activity and Its Related Psychosocial
Varieables. Journal of Sports Science and Health. 2012; 13 (3): 89-99.
Moria K, Suzukib H, Wanga DH, Takakia J, Takigawaa T, Oginoa K. Relationship of Psychological
Factors with Physical Activity Stage of Change in Prime-and Middle-aged Japanese. Acta Media Okayama.
; 63(2): 97-104. PMID: 19404341.
Thøgersen-Ntoumani C. An ecological model of predictors of stages of change for physical activity in
Greek older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009; 19: 286-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00751.x.
PMID: 18282227.
Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Rossi JS. Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1992; 63: 60-6. PMID: 1574662. doi:
1080/02701367.1992.10607557.
Nigg CR, Rossi JS, Norman GJ, Benisovich SV. Structure of decisional balance for exercise adoption.
Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 1998; 20: S211. 1998.
Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE):
Development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993; 46(2): 153-62. PMID: 8437031.
Physical activity scale for the Elderly and Paffenbarger Physical Activity Index. New England Research
Institute. The center for STRONG Medicine. 1-4.
Martin KA, Rejeski WJ, Miller ME, James MK, Ettinger WH Jr, Messier SP. Validation of the PASE in
older adults with knee pain and physical disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999; 31(5): 627-33.
Ismail N, Hairi F, Choo WY, Hairi NN, Peramalah D, Bulgiba A. The Physical Activity Scale for the
Elderly (PASE): Validity and Reliability Among Community- Dwelling Older Adults in Malaysia. Asia
Pac J Public Health. 2015; 27(8 Suppl): 62S-72S. doi: 0.1177/1010539515590179. PMID: 26058900.
Hagiwara A, Ito N, Sawai K, Kazuma K. Validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Scale for the
Elderly (PASE) in Japanese elderly people. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2008; 8(3): 143-51. PMID: 18821997.
doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2008.00463.x.
Ngai SP, Cheung RT, Lam PL, Chiu JK, Fung EY. Validation and reliability of the Physical Activity Scale
for the Elderly in Chinese population. J Rehabil Med. 2012; 44(5): 462-5. PMID: 22549657. doi:
2340/16501977-0953.
Kloek GC, van Lenthe FJ, van Nierop PW, Schrijvers CT, Mackenbach JP. Stage of change for moderateintensity physical activity in deprived neighborhoods. Prev Med. 2006; 43(4): 325-31. doi:
1016/j.ypmed.2006.05.003. PMID: 16808969.
Murtagh EM, Murphy MH, Murphy NM, Woods C, Nevill AM, Lane A. Prevalence and correlates of
physical inactivity in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. PLoS One. 2015; 10(2): e0118293. doi:
1371/journal.pone.0118293. PMID: 25671621, PMCID: PMC4324635.
Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR. Stages of change for physical activity in adults from Southern
Brazil: a population-based survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007; 4(25): 1-10. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868- 4-25. PMID: 17555603, PMCID: PMC1904456.
Mazloomy S, Mohammadi M, Morovati Sharifabad MA, Falahzade H. A Study of the Decisional Balance’s
Role in Exercise Status among Yazd’s Staff on the Basis Process of Change Model. Tabib shargh. 2009;
(2): 57-65 [in Persian]. 38) Kim YH, Cardinal BJ, Lee JY. Understanding exercise behavior among Korean adults: a test of the Trans
theoretical model. Int J Behav Med. 2006; 13(4): 295-303. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1304_4. PMID:
Kosma M, Cardinal BJ, McCubbin JA. Predictors of physical activity stage of change among adults with
physical disabilities. Am J Health Promot. 2004; 19: 114-7. PMID: 15559711.
Ghahremani L, Niknami Sh, Mosavi MT, Heidarnia AR, Karimzadeh Shirazi K, Babaei GH. Trans
theoretical Model-based (TTM) Interventions to Improve Physical Activities in Elderly Men. Journal of
Armaghan danesh. 2008; 13(1): 77-88 [in Persian].
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
