Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its relation with obesity in Turaif (Saudi Arabia) in 2017
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus; Prevalence; Obesity; Turaif, Saudi Arabia; Body Mass IndexAbstract
Background: The significant increase in the prevalence of obesity over past decades caused the concomitant rise in the incidence of glucose intolerance and diabetes.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of diabetes among Saudi nationals in Turaif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to examine the association between diabetes and obesity in the studied population.
Methods: This study was conducted during the period from May 01 to May 31, 2017. Data was collected from 402 individuals aged between 6-63 years via a predesigned questionnaire covering medical history of diabetes, age and sex. Body weight and height was measured to calculate BMI. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15, using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test.
Results: Mean age (± SD) was 23.27 (±13.509) years, male to female ratio was 38.1% to 61.9%. The total prevalence of DM among the studied population was 4.5%, pre-diabetic cases were 7.5%. There is significant effect of age, sex and BMI on the occurrence of diabetes among the studied population (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Awareness campaigns and prevention programs about diabetes should be instituted and control strategies should be implemented. There is a need for a diabetes screening and management programs, focusing on access to health care in the city.
References
Guariguata L, Whiting D, Weil C, Unwin N. The International Diabetes Federation diabetes atlas
methodology for estimating global and national prevalence of diabetes in adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract
: 2011; 322–32. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.040
Yoon KH, Lee JH, Kim JW, Cho JH, Choi YH, et al. Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. Lancet.
; 368(9548):1681–88. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69703-1
Albache N, Al Ali R, Rastam S, Fouad FM, Mzayek F, Maziak W. Epidemiology of Type 2 diabetes
mellitus in Aleppo, Syria. J Diabetes. 2010 Jun;2(2):85–91. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00063.x
World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight Facts. Available from:
who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/gs_obesity.pdf
H E Bays, R H Chapman, and S Grandy, the SHIELD Investigators'. The relationship of body mass index
to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: comparison of data from two national surveys. Int J
Clin Pract. 2007;61(5): 737–47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01336.x
Hirschfeld RM, et al. Screening for bipolar disorder in the community. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(1):53-9.
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.v64n0111
National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES 1999–2000 Data Files: Data, Docs, Codebooks, SAS Code.
Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, Kipnis V, Mouw T, Ballard-Barbash et al. Overweight, obesity, and
mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:763–78.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa055643
Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Cause-specific excess deaths associated with
underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2007; 298(17):2028–37. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2028
Natallia G. Gabriel P, Frank S, Arseniy Y. The Relationship between BMI and Onset of Diabetes Mellitus
and its Complications. South Med J. 2015;108(1): 29–36. DOI: 14423/SMJ.0000000000000214
Al-Nozha MM1, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Harthi SS, Arafah MR, Khalil MZ,. Diabetes
mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(11):1603-10.
Michael L G, Neil W, Qian Li, Veronica A, Jakob L, Mette H. The association of body mass index with the
risk of type 2 diabetes: a case–control study nested in an electronic health records system in the United
States. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome20146:50. DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-5.
Khalid AA, Khalid SA, Samia AB. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med.
;31(1): 19–23. DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.75773
Karamatollah R, Mohammad S, Abdolreza SJ. Relation of type 2 diabetes mellitus with gender, education,
and marital status in an Iranian urban population. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2013;1(2): 64–8.
Azimi-N M, Ghayour-MM, Safarian M, Esmaeili H, Parizadeh SMJ, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes
mellitus in Iran and its relationship with gender, urbanisation, education, marital status and occupation.
Singapore Med J. 2008;49(7):571–6.
Bosi PL, Carvalho AM, Contrera D, Casale G, Pereira MA, Gronner MF, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and
impaired glucose tolerance in the urban population of 30 to 79 years of the city of São Carlos, São Paulo.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2009;53(6):726–32. DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27302009000600006
Lidfeldt J, Li TY, Hu FB, Manson JE, Kawachi I. A prospective study of childhood and adult
socioeconomic status and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(8):882–9.
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwk078
Robbins JM, Vaccarino V, Zhang H, Kasl SV. Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes in African
American and non-Hispanic white women and men: evidence from the Third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(1):76–83. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.91.1.76
West KM. Epidemiology of diabetes and its vascular lesions. Elsevier Biomedical Press, 1978.
B. C.K.Choi et al.: Risk factors for diabetes mellitus by age and sex. Diabetologia. 2001; 44:1221-31.
Harris MI, BCK.Choi, et al. Diabetes in America. In: National Diabetes Data Group. 2ndedn. NIH
Publication No. 95-1468. Risk factors for diabetes mellitus by age and sex 1229 National Institutes of
Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, 1995;1-13.
Dray-Spira R, Gary TL, Brancati FL. Socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease in adults with and
without diabetes: United States trends, 1997-2005. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(10):1634–41. DOI:
1007/s11606-008-0727-5
Hims worth HP, Marshall EM. The diet of diabetes prior to the onset of disease. Clin Sci Colch.1935; 2:
-115.
Baird JD. Diet and the development of clinical diabetes. Acta Diabetol Lat. 1972; 9(1): 621-39.
Harris MI, Hadden WC, Knowler WC et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and
plasma glucose levels in US population aged 20-74 years. Diabetes.1987;36(4):523-34.
Woo J, Ho SC-Donnan SP.Risk factors in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in elderly Chinese in
Hong Kong. Public Health.1989; 103 (1):57-66.
Kannel WB, Gordon T, Castelli WP. Obesity, lipids, and glucose intolerance: The Framingham Study. Am
J Clin Nutr. 1999; 32:1238-45.
Bonham GS, Brock DB. The relationship of diabetes with race sex, and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr1987;776- 83.
Chen MK, Lowenstein FW. Epidemiology of factors related to self-reported diabetes among adults. Am J
PrevMed. 1986; 2(1): 14-9. PMID: 3453155
Seidell JC, De Groot CPMG, van Sonsbeek J LA et al. Associations of moderate and severe over-weight
with self-reported illness and medical consumption in Dutch adults. Am J Public Health1986;76: 260-64.
Tai TY, Chuang LM, Wu HP, Chen CJ. Association of body build with non-insulin- dependent diabetes
mellitus and hypertension among Chinese adults: a 4-year follow-up study. Int J E pidemiol 1992; 21:511- 17.
Haffner SM, Stern MP, Mitchell BD, Hazuda HP, Patterson JK. Incidence of type II diabetes in Mexican
Americans predicted by fasting insulin and glucose levels, obesity, and body-fat distributions.
Diabetes.1990;39(3):283-8.
Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres JP et al. The response to long-term overfeeding in identical twins. N
Engl J Med.1990; 322(21):1477-82.
Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL et al. The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N
Engl J Med.1990; 322(21):1483-87.
Danforth E. Diet and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr.1985; 41:1132-45.
Bray GA. Obesity -A disease of nutrient or energy balance. Nutr.1987;45: 33-43.
Kromhout D, Saris WHM, Horst CH. Energy intake, energy expenditure, and smoking in relation to body
fatness: The Zutphen Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47:668-74.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
