The effect of xerostomia and hyposalivation on the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Authors

  • Maedeh Salehi DDS, MS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, Xerostomia, Saliva

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which can have numerous physical effects for patient. Xerostomia is one of these complications. Compared to healthy people, patients with diabetes mellitus, have a worse quality of life, and complications of diabetes are the main determinants of quality of life in these patients. 

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of xerostomia and hyposalivation on quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was conducted on 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus referred to the diabetes clinic of Shahid Mostafavi in Sari city from October 2015 to January in 2016. A questionnaire containing personal characteristics and medical situation was completed by each person. Then, the Persian Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14-PER) questionnaire was completed by the patients. Eventually, with the use of chewable paraffin for 1.5 min by the patient, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) test was performed, and in order to determine hyposalivation, their saliva amount underwent a gravimetric test. Finally, using statistical software SPSS16, the information was statistically analyzed by independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-squared and fisher exact tests.

Results: The average age of patient was 56.41 years old (43% male and 57% female). Mean SSFR was 0.7 ml/min in patients and xerostomia were confirmed in 112 patients. Difference between age, gender, drug use, years affecting to diabetes and FBS amount in patient with hyposalivation were not statistically meaningful in proportion to patients without it. But difference between HbA1C and SSFR in patients with hyposalivation were statistically meaningful than to patients without it (p=0.03, p=0.001 respectively). The mean patient score to OHIP-14 were obtained as 38.17. The questionnaire score difference in patients with hyposalivation in proportion to patients without it were not statistically meaningful.

Conclusion: Hyposalivation possibility increases in diabetic patients with low metabolic control which can cause more severe side effects in relation to oral health. Xerostomia in diabetic patients has negative effects on oral health related quality of life. Diabetic control and patients’ oral problem improvement is effective in their quality of life promotion.

 

References

Mauri-Obradors E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Jané-Salas E, Viñas M, López-López J. Oral manifestations of

Diabetes Mellitus. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017; 22(5): e586-94. doi:

4317/medoral.21655. PMID: 28809366, PMCID: PMC5694181. 2) Carda C, Mosquera-Lloreda N, Salom L, Gomez de Ferraris ME, Peydró A. Structural and functional

salivary disorders in type 2diabetic patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006; 11(4): E309-14. PMID:

Busato IM, Ignácio SA, Brancher JA, Moysés ST, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Impact of clinical status and

salivary conditions on xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012; 40(1): 62-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00635.x.

PMID: 21883355.

Narhi TO. Prevalence of subjective feelings of dry mouth in the elderly. J Dent Res. 1994; 73(1): 20-5. doi:

1177/00220345940730010301. PMID: 8294614.

López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Lucero Berdugo M. Measuring the impact of oral mucosa disease on

quality of life. Eur J Dermatol. 2009; 19(6): 603-6. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2009.0762. PMID: 19592326.

Baker SR, Pankhurst CL, Robinson PG. Utility of two oral health-related quality-of-life measures in

patients with xerostomia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2006; 34(5): 351-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0528.2006.00285.x. PMID: 16948674.

Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Morii K, Wada M, Hazeyama T, Nokubi T, et al. Impact of dry mouth and

hyposalivation on oral healthrelated quality of life of elderly Japanese. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103(2): 216-22. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.12.001. PMID: 17234539.

Saini R, Al-Maweri SA, Saini D, Ismail NM, Ismail AR. Oral mucosal lesions in non oral habit diabetic

patients and association of diabetes mellitus with oral precancerous lesions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;

(3): 320-6. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.04.016. PMID: 20488573.

Nikbin A, Bayani M, Jenabian N, Khafri S, Motallebnejad M. Oral health-related quality of life in diabetic

patients: comparison of the Persian version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Oral Health

Impact Profile: A descriptive-analytic study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014; 13(1): 32. doi: 10.1186/2251- 6581-13-32. PMID: 24495383, PMCID: PMC4015305.

Busato IM, Ignácio SA, Brancher JA, Grégio AM, Machado MA, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Impact of

xerostomia on the quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral

Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(3): 376-82. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.005. PMID: 19716505.

Agha hosseini F, Parsapoor Moghaddam P, Mirzaii Dizgah I. Stimulated whole saliva composition in

dental healthy students and menopausal women in 2004. Oral Disease. 2007; 13(3): 320-3.

Motallebnejad M, Hadian H, Mehdizadeh S, Hajiahmadi M. Validity and reliability of the Persian version

of the oral health impact profile (OHIP)-14. Caspian J Intern Med. 2011; 2(4): 314-20. PMID: 24551438,

PMCID: PMC3895829.

Siudikiene J, Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Tenovuo J, NedzelskieneI. Dental caries and salivary status in

children with type 1diabetes mellitus, related to the metabolic control of the disease. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;

(1): 8-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00277.x. PMID: 16460335.

Chavez EM, Taylor GW, Borrell LN, Ship JA. Salivary function and glycemic control in older persons

with diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000; 89(3): 305-11. doi:

1016/S1079-2104(00)70093-X. PMID: 10710454.

Busato IM, Igna´cio SA, Brancher JA, Moyse´s ST, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Impact of clinical status and

salivary conditions on xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012; 40(1): 62-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00635.x.

PMID: 21883355.

Published

2022-02-12