Comparison of the serum and salivary antibodies to detect gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in Kashan (Iran)
Abstract
Background and aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important and common contagious human pathogen which may cause peptic ulcer and also gastric cancer. The definite diagnosis of it is made through invasive tests. Recently, non-invasive tests including serologic tests of serum and saliva have been conducted for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. In this research, the diagnostic values of serum and salivary serology were compared together to use salivary anti-H. pylori test as an alternative method in the future. Methods: During this prospective case-control study on patients who were candidates for endoscopy and gastric biopsy from March 2015 to April 2016 in Shahid Beheshti hospital, Kashan, Iran, serum and salivary samples were obtained for measurement of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against H. pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathology was the gold standard test. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 16. Statistical tests included Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent-samples t-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, McNemar and correlation. Results: Of 123 patients, sixty-one patients (49.6%) were H. pylori-positive according to histology. The median levels of anti-H. pylori antibodies in serum (p<0.001) and saliva (p<0.001) of H. pylori-positive cases were significantly higher than H. pylori-negative cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and accuracy of serologic tests in serum were 75%, 79%, 3.5, 0.3, 77% and for saliva were 85%, 82%, 4.7, 0.18, 84% respectively. Conclusion: Diagnostic values of salivary ELISA are comparable to serum ELISA and can be used as an alternative modality for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.References
Krishnaswamy RT, David CM, Govindaiah S, Krishnaprasad RB, Jogigowda SC. Salivary IgG assay to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in an Indian adult population. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23(5):694–5. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.107416. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Petersen AM, Krogfelt KA. Helicobacter pylori: an invading microorganism? A review. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003;36(3):117–26. doi: 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00020-8. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Sonmezoglu M, Baysal B, Ergen A, Barut SG. Detection and evaluation of salivary antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59(4):433–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00495.x. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Mégraud F, Floch P, Labenz J, Lehours P. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2016;21(Suppl 1):8–13. doi: 10.1111/hel.12333. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
El-Fakhfakh EA, Montasser IF, Khalifa RA. Evaluation of salivary and serum anti-Helicobacter pylori in Egyptian patients with H. pylori related gastric disorders. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2014;44(1):275–83. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(3):449–90. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00054-05. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Megraud F, Lehours P. Helicobacter pylori detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20(2):280–322. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00033-06. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Cockburn M, Collett J, Cox B. Validation of the saliva-based H. pylori test, heliSAL, and its use in prevalence surveys. Epidemiol Infect. 2001;126(2):191–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
de Angelis GL, Cavallaro LG, Maffini V, Moussa AM, Fornaroli F, Liatopoulou S, et al. Usefulness of a serological panel test in the assessment of gastritis in symptomatic children. Dig Dis. 2007;25(3):206–13. doi: 10.1159/000103886. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Leal YA, Flores LL, Garcia-Cortes LB, Cedillo-Rivera R, Torres J. Antibody-based detection tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003751. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Locatelli A, Catapani WR, Gomes CR, Jr, Silva CB, Waisberg J. Detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies in serum and duodenal fluid in peptic gastroduodenal disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(20):2997–3000. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i20.2997. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Versalovic J. Helicobacter pylori. Pathology and diagnostic strategies. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119(3):403–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Koletzko S, Jones NL, Goodman KJ, Gold B, Rowland M, Cadranel S, et al. Evidence-based guidelines from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN for Helicobacter pylori infection in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53(2):230–43. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182227e90. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hooshmand B, Monsef A, Amirmadglesi M, Kashani M. Oral Fluid Antibody Detection in the Diagnosis of Gastric Helicobacter pylori Infection. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;3(3):127–31. 03.03/ijaai.127131. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Abdul Rahim NR, Benson J, Grocke K, Vather D, Zimmerman J, Moody T, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in newly arrived refugees attending the Migrant Health Service, South Australia. Helicobacter. 2017;22(2) doi: 10.1111/hel.12360. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Yucel T, Aygin D, Sen S, Yucel O. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and related factors among university students in Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61(3):179–83. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Broutet N, Sarasqueta AM, Sakarovitch C, Cantet F, Lethuaire D, Megraud F. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients consulting gastroenterologists in France: prevalence is linked to gender and region of residence. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13(6):677–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Shu X, Ping M, Yin G, Jiang M. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori infection among symptomatic children in Hangzhou from 2007 to 2014: a retrospective study with 12,796 cases. PeerJ. 2017;5:e2937. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2937. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
She RC, Wilson AR, Litwin CM. Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM serologic testing compared to stool antigen testing. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16(8):1253–5. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00149-09. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Khalilpour A, Santhanam A, Wei LC, Saadatnia G, Velusamy N, Osman S, et al. Antigenic proteins of Helicobacter pylori of potential diagnostic value. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(3):1635–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Jalalypour F, Farajnia S, Somi MH, Hojabri Z, Yousefzadeh R, Saeedi N. Comparative Evaluation of RUT, PCR and ELISA Tests for Detection of Infection with Cytotoxigenic H. pylori. Adv Pharm Bull. 2016;6(2):261–6. doi: 10.15171/apb.2016.036. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Rahman SH, Azam MG, Rahman MA, Arfin MS, Alam MM, Bhuiyan TM, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis of H pylori infection: evaluation of serological tests with and without current infection marker CIM. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(8):1231–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
El-Mekki A, Kumar A, Alknawy B, Al-Ammari O, Moosa R, Quli S, et al. Comparison of enzyme immunoassays detecting Helicobacter pylori specific IgG in serum and saliva with endoscopic and biopsy findings in patients with dyspepsia. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2011;29(2):136–40. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.81793. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bode G, Marchildon P, Peacock J, Brenner H, Rothenbacher D. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: comparison of a salivary immunoglobulin G antibody test with the [(13)C]urea breath test. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002;9(2):493–5. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Luzza F, Imeneo M, Marasco A, Crotta S, Ierardi E, Usai P, et al. Evaluation of a commercial serological kit for detection of salivary immunoglobulin G to Helicobacter pylori: a multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;12(10):1117–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 KNOWLEDGE KINGDOM PUBLISHING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.