Pattern of chronic urticaria and value of autologous serum skin test in Sohag Province, Upper Egypt

Abstract

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a debilitating disorder with variable clinical course. It is characterized by hives occurring for at least 6 weeks, and is classified as spontaneous or inducible.  Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the pattern of CU, to study association between results of autologous serum skin test (ASST) and urticaria severity score (USS), and to detect serum levels of anti IgE receptors antibodies.  Methods: This study included all patients attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Sohag University Hospital, who were diagnosed as CU from April 2015 to March 2016. ASST and serum level of anti IgE receptor antibodies was assessed using ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 108 patients with CU were included in the study. Females with mean age 33±12.4 years were more affected. A total of 58.3% complained of CSU, 6.5% physical urticaria and 35.2% mixed type of CU. According to USS, mild score represented 20.4%, moderate 46.3% and severe in 33.3%. ASST showed positive in 38% of patients. There was a statistically significant relation between ASST and USS and duration of CU. This indicates that more severe symptoms and prolonged duration of CU are observed in positive ASST (autoreactive type). In all, 91% of the anti IgE receptor antibodies positive patients had positive ASST.  Conclusion: In conclusion, chronic urticaria is not an uncommon disease in our locality which represented 1.13% of our patients. Urticaria severity score and duration of urticaria was higher in positive ASST patients and hence the autoreactive type.