Review Paper on The Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26415/2572-004X-vol6iss1p633-640Keywords:
bio-administration, biosynthesis, nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles, toxic effects.Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are particles measuring between 1 and 100 nm in size. In the realm of green chemistry, Ag-NPs are synthesized by biological methods. This has thus augmented the likelihood of interactions between Ag-NPs and both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, along with possible exposure and damage to human health. The primary modes of entry for nanoparticles (NPs) are ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and direct entry into systemic circulation. AgNPs accumulated in the duodenum as the initial contact site were subsequently transported to additional target organs. Developing innovative antibacterial agents, restoring tissue and regenerating materials, coatings for biomaterials and medical devices, and drug delivery formulations mainly based on applying AgNPs in biomedicine. Reports indicate that AgNPs can provoke cellular apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress in cells. This review concentrates on the most recent data concerning the biosynthesis methods, medicinal applications, and toxicity mechanisms of silver-based nanostructures. The toxicological effects of AgNPs vary according to their dimensions, morphology, surface charge, and coating. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of silver nanoparticles encompass producing reactive oxygen species, disrupting cellular membranes, and activating proinflammatory cytokines.
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